The general rule for commas is that we use them to make reading more understandable by separating parts of a sentence so that readers don’t get confused about what a certain text means.
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When to Use a Comma
1. Separating items in a list.
Example:
Bill had a phone, a record player, and a flute.
2. Putting two independent clauses together (phrases that are complete thoughts).
Example:
Emily wanted to win the race, but she was not fast enough.
3. After an introductory statement.
Example:
Since Nick was sick, he didn’t go to school.
4. Showing parenthetical parts of a sentence.
Example:
The Seattle Space Needle, which was not made by astronauts, despite its name, is a fabulous piece of architecture in the Emerald City.
5. Separating details.
Example:
The city of New York was once a poor, dilapidated, uncultured fishing port.
6. Before quotes and sometimes after them.
Examples:
“You are so kind,” Hilary said with a wink that creased her cheek freckle.
The greatest moments of life, according to philosopher Barbara Hunst, is when, “the ego collapses and reality is set clear.”
7. Show contrast.
Example:
Bill was a warm fellow, not cold at heart.
8. To make sure there is no confusion.
Example:
Let’s eat, dad!
Instead of: Let’s eat dad!
9. Technical reasons: between date/day, city/state, titles.
Examples:
October, 2012
Seattle, Washington
Howard Benford, Professor Emeritus
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